Moving out of a German apartment involves more than returning the keys. Tenants must follow specific legal steps, clean the property properly, document the handover, and ensure that all obligations under the rental contract have been met.
A smooth move-out process reduces the risk of disputes, unnecessary charges, or delays in receiving the rental deposit (Kaution).
This guide provides a clear overview of every essential step.
Giving Proper Notice (Kündigung)
The first step in ending a rental contract is submitting a valid written notice.
Legal Notice Period
• Standard period: 3 months
• Notice must be submitted in writing, with a physical signature
• Emails, WhatsApp messages, and phone calls are not legally valid
Important Timing Rule
The notice must arrive at the landlord’s address by the third working day of a month for that month to count as part of the notice period.
Example:
If notice arrives on March 2 → move-out date = June 30
If notice arrives on March 5 → move-out date = July 31
Proof of Delivery
Use one of the following:
• Registered mail (Einschreiben)
• Hand-delivery with written confirmation
This prevents disputes about the actual notice date.
Understanding Move-Out Requirements
Rental contracts often specify what condition the apartment must be left in.
Common Requirements
• Walls cleaned or repainted (depending on clause validity)
• All personal belongings removed
• Floors swept and cleaned
• Kitchen & bathroom thoroughly cleaned
• Fixtures undamaged and functional
Important Note on Schönheitsreparaturen
Some contracts require “cosmetic repairs.”
However, overly strict clauses have been ruled invalid by German courts. Tenants are obligated only if the clause is reasonable and in line with BGH rulings.
Pre-Move-Out Inspection (Optional but recommended)
Many landlords agree to an informal pre-inspection a few weeks before move-out.
This allows tenants to:
• understand required repairs
• clarify expectations
• avoid surprise charges during the final handover
This step is not required but extremely useful for preventing later conflict.
Final Inspection & Handover (Wohnungsübergabe)
The final handover is the most important part of the entire process.
During the Handover
• Landlord inspects each room
• Condition of walls, floors, windows, kitchen, and bathroom is checked
• Meter readings (electricity, heating, water) are documented
• Keys are returned
Handover Protocol (Übergabeprotokoll)
A written protocol is signed by both parties. It should include:
• Existing damages
• Cleanliness level
• Meter readings
• Number of keys returned
The protocol protects tenants from being blamed for old damage.
Cleaning Standards
The apartment does not need professional deep cleaning unless required by contract.
However, it must be handed over in reasonable, clean condition, meaning:
• Kitchen surfaces degreased
• Oven cleaned
• Bathroom descaled
• Floors vacuumed and mopped
• Cabinets emptied
• Trash disposed
Failing to clean properly can lead to deductions from the deposit.
Common Reasons for Deposit Deductions
Deposits may legally be withheld for:
• Unpaid rent
• Unpaid Nebenkosten (if the final settlement is pending)
• Significant damage beyond normal wear and tear
• Missing keys
• Failure to complete agreed cosmetic repairs
• Outstanding cleaning costs
Normal Wear and Tear
Landlords may not deduct for:
• Minor nail holes
• Slight discoloration
• Normal aging of paint
• Regular usage marks on floors
Deposit Return Timeline
There is no fixed nationwide deadline, but German courts have established accepted timeframes.
Typical Timeline
• Immediate to 3 months after move-out for basic refund
• Up to 6–12 months if Nebenkosten settlement for the final year is still pending
This is normal and not a sign of misuse.
Tip
Request a written confirmation that all obligations are fulfilled except for Nebenkosten adjustments.
Electricity, Internet, and Contracts
Tenants must cancel or transfer:
• Electricity provider contract
• Internet contract
• GEZ / Rundfunkbeitrag (broadcast fee)
• Any optional insurance linked to the address
Many contracts require 1–3 months’ cancellation notice, so early action is essential.
Avoiding Last-Minute Issues
To ensure a smooth move-out:
• Document everything with photos and videos
• Keep copies of all notices and emails
• Leave the apartment clean and empty
• Repair small issues early
• Schedule the handover during daylight for better visibility
These steps significantly reduce the likelihood of disputes.
Summary
Moving out in Germany follows a structured process:
give proper notice, clean the apartment appropriately, perform a documented handover, and allow time for the deposit to be processed.
Understanding the landlord’s expectations and preparing early ensures a smooth transition and maximizes the chance of receiving the full deposit back.